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oracle数据库审计,如何关闭Oracle11g数据库的审计功能

编程之家2023-10-21108次浏览

其实oracle数据库审计的问题并不复杂,但是又很多的朋友都不太了解如何关闭Oracle11g数据库的审计功能,因此呢,今天小编就来为大家分享oracle数据库审计的一些知识,希望可以帮助到大家,下面我们一起来看看这个问题的分析吧!

oracle数据库审计,如何关闭Oracle11g数据库的审计功能

oracle 审计包括哪几种,都是什么

1、什么是审计

审计(Audit)用于监视用户所执行的数据库操作,并且Oracle会将审计跟踪结果存放到OS文件(默认位置为$ ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump/)或数据库(存储在system表空间中的SYS.AUD$表中,可通过视图 dba_audit_trail查看)中。默认情况下审计是没有开启的。

不管你是否打开数据库的审计功能,以下这些操作系统会强制记录:用管理员权限连接Instance;启动数据库;关闭数据库。

2、和审计相关的两个主要参数

Audit_sys_operations:

默认为false,当设置为true时,所有sys用户(包括以sysdba,sysoper身份登录的用户)的操作都会被记录,audit trail不会写在aud$表中,这个很好理解,如果数据库还未启动aud$不可用,那么像conn/as sysdba这样的连接信息,只能记录在其它地方。如果是windows平台,audti trail会记录在windows的事件管理中,如果是linux/unix平台则会记录在audit_file_dest参数指定的文件中。

oracle数据库审计,如何关闭Oracle11g数据库的审计功能

Audit_trail:

None:是默认值,不做审计;

DB:将audit trail记录在数据库的审计相关表中,如aud$,审计的结果只有连接信息;

DB,Extended:这样审计结果里面除了连接信息还包含了当时执行的具体语句;

OS:将audit trail记录在操作系统文件中,文件名由audit_file_dest参数指定;

XML:10g里新增的。

oracle数据库审计,如何关闭Oracle11g数据库的审计功能

注:这两个参数是static参数,需要重新启动数据库才能生效。

3、审计级别

当开启审计功能后,可在三个级别对数据库进行审计:Statement(语句)、Privilege(权限)、object(对象)。

Statement:

按语句来审计,比如audit table会审计数据库中所有的create table,drop table,truncate table语句,alter session by cmy会审计cmy用户所有的数据库连接。

Privilege:

按权限来审计,当用户使用了该权限则被审计,如执行grant select any table to a,当执行了audit select any table语句后,当用户a访问了用户b的表时(如select* from b.t)会用到select any table权限,故会被审计。注意用户是自己表的所有者,所以用户访问自己的表不会被审计。

Object:

按对象审计,只审计on关键字指定对象的相关操作,如aduit alter,delete,drop,insert on cmy.t by scott;这里会对cmy用户的t表进行审计,但同时使用了by子句,所以只会对scott用户发起的操作进行审计。注意Oracle没有提供对schema中所有对象的审计功能,只能一个一个对象审计,对于后面创建的对象,Oracle则提供on default子句来实现自动审计,比如执行audit drop on default by access;后,对于随后创建的对象的drop操作都会审计。但这个default会对之后创建的所有数据库对象有效,似乎没办法指定只对某个用户创建的对象有效,想比 trigger可以对schema的DDL进行“审计”,这个功能稍显不足。

oracle数据库的审计功能

在oracle11g中,数据库的审计功能是默认开启的(这和oracle10g的不一样,10g默认是关闭的),

oracle11gr2的官方文档上写的是错的,当上说default是none,而且是审计到db级别的,这样就会

往aud$表里记录统计信息。

1.如果审计不是必须的,可以关掉审计功能;

sql>

show

parameter

audit_trail;

name

type

value

------------------------------------

-----------

------------------------------

audit_trail

string

db

sql>

alter

system

set

audit_trail=none

scope=spfile;

sql>

shut

immediate;

sql>startup

2.删除已有的审计信息

可以直接truncate表aud$,

truncate

table

sys.aud$;

3.或者将aud$表移到另外一个表空间下,以减少system表空间的压力和被撑爆的风险。

附:11g中有关audit_trail参数的设置说明:

audit_trail

property

description

parameter

type

string

syntax

audit_trail

=

{

none

|

os

|

db

[,

extended]

|

xml

[,

extended]

}

default

value

none

modifiable

no

basic

no

audit_trail

enables

or

disables

database

auditing.

values:

none

disables

standard

auditing.

this

value

is

the

default

if

the

audit_trail

parameter

was

not

set

in

the

initialization

parameter

file

or

if

you

created

the

database

using

a

method

other

than

database

configuration

assistant.

if

you

created

the

database

using

database

configuration

assistant,

then

the

default

is

db.

os

directs

all

audit

records

to

an

operating

system

file.

oracle

recommends

that

you

use

the

os

setting,

particularly

if

you

are

using

an

ultra-secure

database

configuration.

db

directs

audit

records

to

the

database

audit

trail

(the

sys.aud$

table),

except

for

records

that

are

always

written

to

the

operating

system

audit

trail.

use

this

setting

for

a

general

database

for

manageability.

if

the

database

was

started

in

read-only

mode

with

audit_trail

set

to

db,

then

oracle

database

internally

sets

audit_trail

to

os.

check

the

alert

log

for

details.

db,

extended

performs

all

actions

of

audit_trail=db,

and

also

populates

the

sql

bind

and

sql

text

clob-type

columns

of

the

sys.aud$

table,

when

available.

these

two

columns

are

populated

only

when

this

parameter

is

specified.

if

the

database

was

started

in

read-only

mode

with

audit_trail

set

to

db,

extended,

then

oracle

database

internally

sets

audit_trail

to

os.

check

the

alert

log

for

details.

xml

writes

to

the

operating

system

audit

record

file

in

xml

format.

records

all

elements

of

the

auditrecord

node

except

sql_text

and

sql_bind

to

the

operating

system

xml

audit

file.

xml,

extended

performs

all

actions

of

audit_trail=xml,

and

populates

the

sql

bind

and

sql

text

clob-type

columns

of

the

sys.aud$

table,

wherever

possible.

these

columns

are

populated

only

when

this

parameter

is

specified.

you

can

use

the

sql

audit

statement

to

set

auditing

options

regardless

of

the

setting

of

this

parameter.

如何关闭Oracle11g数据库的审计功能

在oracle11g中,数据库的审计功能是默认开启的(这和oracle10g的不一样,10g默认是关闭的),

oracle11gR2的官方文档上写的是错的,当上说default是none,而且是审计到DB级别的,这样就会

往aud$表里记录统计信息。

1.如果审计不是必须的,可以关掉审计功能;

SQL> show parameter audit_trail;

NAME TYPE VALUE

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

audit_trail string DB

SQL> alter system set audit_trail=none scope=spfile;

SQL> shut immediate;

SQL>startup

2.删除已有的审计信息

可以直接truncate表aud$,

truncate table SYS.AUD$;

3.或者将aud$表移到另外一个表空间下,以减少system表空间的压力和被撑爆的风险。

附:11g中有关audit_trail参数的设置说明:

AUDIT_TRAIL

Property Description

Parameter type String

Syntax AUDIT_TRAIL={ none| os| db [, extended]| xml [, extended]}

Default value none

Modifiable No

Basic No

AUDIT_TRAIL enables or disables database auditing.

Values:

none

Disables standard auditing. This value is the default if the AUDIT_TRAIL parameter was not set

in the initialization parameter file or if you created the database using a method other than

Database Configuration Assistant. If you created the database using Database Configuration

Assistant, then the default is db.

os

Directs all audit records to an operating system file. Oracle recommends that you use the os

setting, particularly if you are using an ultra-secure database configuration.

db

Directs audit records to the database audit trail(the SYS.AUD$ table), except for records

that are always written to the operating system audit trail. Use this setting for a general

database for manageability.

If the database was started in read-only mode with AUDIT_TRAIL set to db, then Oracle Database

internally sets AUDIT_TRAIL to os. Check the alert log for details.

db, extended

Performs all actions of AUDIT_TRAIL=db, and also populates the SQL bind and SQL text CLOB-type

columns of the SYS.AUD$ table, when available. These two columns are populated only when this

parameter is specified.

If the database was started in read-only mode with AUDIT_TRAIL set to db, extended, then Oracle

Database internally sets AUDIT_TRAIL to os. Check the alert log for details.

xml

Writes to the operating system audit record file in XML format. Records all elements of the

AuditRecord node except Sql_Text and Sql_Bind to the operating system XML audit file.

xml, extended

Performs all actions of AUDIT_TRAIL=xml, and populates the SQL bind and SQL text CLOB-type columns

of the SYS.AUD$ table, wherever possible. These columns are populated only when this parameter

is specified.

You can use the SQL AUDIT statement to set auditing options regardless of the setting of this

parameter.

好了,文章到此结束,希望可以帮助到大家。

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