ubuntu 源(ubuntu中的软件源)
一、ubuntu中怎样添加或删除一个PPA源
1、百度 launchpad页面，找到自己想要添加的 PPA页面，在页面上找到该软件 PPA源的地址，复制下来；或者保留这个页面，待会再复制。
2、在 Ubuntu桌面上，点击左侧启动栏上的“Ubuntu软件”图标，启动软件应用；移动鼠标到桌面顶端的菜单栏上，在“Ubuntu软件”菜单中，点击“软件与更新”。
3、在打开的“软件和更新”窗口中，点击“其他软件”选项卡，接着点击左下角的“添加”按钮。在接下来弹出的对话框中，将第一步骤中的以“ppa:”开头的那一行复制，并粘贴到对话框“APT行：”后面的文本框中；最后点击“添加源”按钮。注意这里需要输入管理员密码。
4、点击“关闭”按钮，将弹出“可用软件的列表信息已过时”的对话框。点击“重新载入”按钮，刷新系统的软件信息列表。
5、点击“Ubuntu软件”中的“更新选项卡，将执行软件信息更新；信息更新完毕后，将会出现新版的软件，点击其后的“安装”按钮，即可完成安装。
6、如果要删除该软件源，则再次访问“软件和更新”——“其他软件”选项卡，选中先前添加的 PPA软件源，点击下方的“删除”按钮。这些源即被删除，系统再也不会安装来自此源的软件了。
二、Ubuntu的软件源地址
8.10的
Archive.ubuntu.com更新服务器（欧洲，此为官方源，电信网通用户使用)：
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Ubuntu.cn99.com更新服务器（江苏省常州市电信，推荐电信用户使用）：
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Mirrors.shlug.org更新服务器（电信服务器，Ubuntu China Official Mirror, maintained by Shanghai Linux User Group）：
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
Mirror.lupaworld.com更新服务器（浙江省杭州市双线服务器）：
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
厦门大学更新服务器（教育网服务器）：
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
成都市电子科技大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：
deb intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
==如果无法解析uestc.edu.cn域名，请使用以下地址==
deb intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
上海市上海交通大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：
deb intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
中国科学技术大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：
deb intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-updates main multiverse restricted universe
中国台湾台湾大学更新服务器（推荐网通用户使用，电信PING平均响应速度41MS。强烈推荐此源，比较完整，较少出现同步问题）：
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
mirror.rootguide.org更新服务器（上海市电信）：
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
台湾的官方源速度也相当不错，有时甚至快于内地的：
deb intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
三、怎样为Ubuntu系统设置软件源
Ubuntu里的许多应用程序软件包，是放在网络里的服务器上，这些服务器网站，就称作“源”，从源里可以很方便地获取软件包，
下面的方法选一种即可，我们来看这个练习；
1、简单设置源
1）点击上面板条的系统菜单“System－系统管理－软件源”命令，出来一个面板；
2）先出来一个密码输入框，输入自己密码后，点绿色“OK”按钮确定，进入源面板；
3）进入源面板后，把几个勾都打上，点击下面的下拉列表，选择 server for中国(china)，即中国的源；
4）然后点右下角的“Close”，出来一个提示对话框，点“Reload”，然后出来刷新对话框；
；
5）接下来下载软件包信息，耐心等待完成后，自动关闭对话框，这样就简单设置好了源；
这种方法比较简单，但是速度可能不是很快，可以试试下面的两种方法；
2、使用其他源
1）进入源面板后，打勾五项，然后点下拉列表，选择里面的 Other其他，出来一个其他源列表；
2）在列表里点开“中国”，选择一个，然后点右下角的“Choose Server”，
返回后，点右下角的“Close”关闭，在出来的对话框点“Reload”，等待完成即可；
3、自动选择源
1）在第二种方法里，面板右上角有一个“Chose Best Server”，选择最快源；
2）点击这个按钮，出来一个自动测速对话框，系统会检测所有源，然后选中一个最快的；
3）选择完成后，在列表里会选中一个源，一般是中国源里的，点右下角的“Chose Server”按钮返回；
4）然后点右下角的“Close”关闭，出来提示点“Reload”更新；
4、使用第三方源
1）第三方源是其他源服务器，速度要快些，但可能会失效，你可以到 Ubuntu中文 wiki里查找一下，
进去找到相应的版本(比如8.04)，在里面选一组就可以了；
2）在第一个面板里，把上面的勾都去掉，再点一下中间的列表框，选择“Server for中国”即中国的服务器；
3）再点上边的第二个标签“Third-Party software”第三方软件，进入一个列表面板，
先把里面的两个方框的勾点掉；
5）然后点下面左边的“＋Add..”添加按钮，出来一个对话框，把找到的一组网址复制粘贴一条进去，
注意细致，每次复制一条，点“＋Add Source”按钮确定，同样再复制下一条；
deb hardy main restricted universe multiverse
这是 ubuntu-cn源，里面包括 main、restricted等，Ubuntu欧洲官方源服务器(8.04)是这另一组：
deb hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
6）把一组源全部添加进去后，点右下角的“close”关闭按钮，出来一个更新提示，
点“Reload”按钮重新载人；
2）点“Reload”按钮后，出来一个下载进度面板，等下载结束后即可自动关闭，
如果下载过程中出现错误提示，可能是源不正确，可以检查一下，或者换另一组较快的源；
3）源设置好以后，下一步就可以下载各个语言包、软件包、升级包等等；
5、终端设置源列表
1）点左上角的菜单“应用程序－附件－终端”进入终端，输入下面的命令：
sudo cp/etc/apt/sources.list/etc/apt/sources.list_backup
这句是备份命令，输完后按一下回车键，先提示输入自己的密码，密码不显示，盲打输入后按回车键；
2）再输入下面的命令，输完后按一下回车键，出来一个文本编辑器窗口；
sudo gedit/etc/apt/sources.list
3）在出来的文档窗口里，先删除所有内容，再复制一组源进去，保存关闭；
4）返回到终端窗口，再执行下面命令更新源；
sudo apt-get update